Legal and Social Dimensions of Live-in-Relationships in India: A Critical Analysis of Rights, Challenges, and Judicial Perspectives

Abstract

Despite not being officially recognized by Indian personal laws, live-in partnerships have grown in importance both legally and socially throughout time. With an emphasis on partner rights, societal issues, and judicial viewpoints, this study critically examines the legal and social aspects of cohabitation in India. The paper examines the changing legal framework that regulates these kinds of partnerships, particularly the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act of 2005's acknowledgment of rights pertaining to maintenance, inheritance, child legitimacy, and protection from domestic abuse. It also looks at how, in the lack of a particular legislative framework, the SC and many High Courts have interpreted the rights of cohabitating partners. From a social perspective, live-in relationships remain controversial due to deeply rooted cultural and moral values, often facing stigma and lack of societal acceptance. The research highlights the contrast between legal acknowledgment and societal resistance, analysing public perceptions, gender dynamics, and the impact of such relationships on marriage and family structures. Additionally, the paper discusses the challenges in establishing the legitimacy. By assessing judicial precedents and legal gaps, object of study is to provide the necessity of a comprehensive legal framework to safeguard the rights of live-in partners while addressing societal concerns. The findings underscore the need for balancing personal autonomy with social stability, advocating for progressive legal reforms in India.