The Psychological Outcomes Of Parental Responses In Relations To Their Children’s Expressions Of Negative Effect

Authors

  • Dr. Sunil K Sharma,
  • Manoj Kumar

Abstract

The present research has the main aim to study the psychological outcome of parental responses to their children’s expressions of negative effect in relation to loneliness and the attitudes of their children towards their parents. The correlation design was used to study the relationship of positive and negative parental responses to their children’s negative affect with the loneliness and attitude of their children towards parents. The sample of the study comprised of 100 families of Shimla city having one male and female child (13-19 yrs. of age) besides father’s education of at least graduate level. In order to observe the parental responses to their children’s negative affect, Coping with Children’s Negative Emotions Scale (CCNES) Mohsin Parent-Child Inventory (MPCI) and Lonliness scale were used to take the observations of the participants. The result revealed the positive Parental responses to the children’s expressions of negative affect are significantly and positively associated with the attitude of their children but negatively to their loneliness while negative parental responses are significantly and negatively associated with the attitude of their children towards parents and positively to their loneliness.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Aaron R., Joseph A., Abraham S., Muliyil J., George K., Prasad J., (2004). Suicides in young people in rural southern India. Lancet, 363, 1117-1118.

Ahmad A, Khalique N, Khan Z, Amir A. (2007). Prevalence of psychosocial problems among school going male adolescents. Indian J Community Medicine, 32:219-21. Available from:URL: http://www.ijcm.org.in/text.asp? 2007/32/3/219/36836.

Asher, S.R.; Hymel, S.; and Renshaw, P.D.(1984). Loneliness in Children. Child Deveoplment , 55, 1456-1464.

Ary, D.V., Duncan, T.E., Biglan, A., Metzler, C.W., Noell, J.W. and Smolkowski, K.(1999). ‘Development of adolescent problem behaviour’, Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, Vol. 27, pp. 141–50.

Belsky, J. (1981). ‘Early human experience: A family perspective.’ Developmental Psychology, Vol. 17, pp. 2-23.

Buchholz, E. and Catton, R. (1999). Adolescents’Perceptions of Aloneness and Loneliness. Adolescence,34 (133), 203-214.

Barnhill, L.R. (1979). Healthy family systems. Family Coordinator, Jan., 28(1), 94-100.

Coleman, J.C. (1988). Abnormal psychology and Modern Lif. Mumbai : Taraporevala Sons and Co. Pvt. Ltd.

Conger, R. D., Ge, X., Elder, G. H., Lorenz, F. O., Simons, R. L., & Whitbeck, L. B. (1992). A family process model of economic hardship and adjustment of early adolescent boys. Child Development, 63, 526–541.

Conger, R.D., Ge, X., Elder, G.H., Lorenz, F. and Simons, R. (1994). ‘Economic stress, coercive family process and developmental problems of adolescents’, Child Development, Vol. 65, pp. 541–517.

Cox, F.N. and Leaper P.M. (1961). Assessing some aspects of the parent child relationships.

Cass, L.K. (1952). Parent child relationship and delinquency. The journal of abnormal and social psychology, volume 47 (1), 101 -104.

Denham, S. A., & Grout, L. (1992). Socialization of emotion: Pathway to preschoolers’ emotional and social competence. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 17, 205–227.

Denham, S. A. (1993). Maternal emotional responsiveness and toddlers’ social-emotional competence. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 34, 715–728.

Denham, S. A., Renwick-DeBardi, S., & Hewes, S. (1994). Emotional communication between mothers and preschoolers: Relations with emotional competence. Merrill- Palmer Quarterly, 40, 488-508.

Denham, S. A., Zoller, D., & Couchoud, E. A. (1994). Socialization of preschoolers’ emotion understanding. Developmental Psychology, 30, 928–936.

Denham S.A., Blair K.A., DeMulder E., Levitas J., Sawyer K., Auerbach-Major S., Queenan P. (2003). Preschool emotion competence: Pathway to social competence? Child Development. 274, 238–256.

Dunn, J., & Brown, J. (1994). Affect expression in the family, children’s understanding of emotions, and their interactions with others. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 40, 120-137.

Denham, S.A., & Grout, L. (1992). Mothers' emotional expressiveness and coping:Topography and relations with preschoolers' social-emotional competence.Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, 1 18, 75- 10 1.

Dishion, T.J. and McMahon, R.J. (1998). ‘Parental monitoring and the prevention of child and adolescent problem behaviour: a conceptual and empirical formulation’, Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, Vol. 1, pp. 61–75.

Domjan, M. (2000). The Essentials of Conditioning and Learning (2nd edition). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.

Dunsmore, J.C., & Halberstadt, A.G. (1997). How does family emotional expressiveness affect children's schemas? New Directions for Child Development, 77, 45-68.

Egger H.L., Angold A (2006). Common emotional and behavioral disorders in preschool children: presentation, nosology, and epidemiology. J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 47:313-337.

Eisenberg, N., Fabes, R.A., Schaller , M., Carlo, G., & Miller, P.A., (1991). The relations of parental characteristics and practices to children’s vicarious emotional responding. Child Development, 62, 1393-1408.

Eisenberg, N., Fabes, R. A., Carlo, G., Troyer, D., Speer, A. L., Karbon, M., & Switzer, G. (1992). The relations of maternal practices and characteristics to children’s vicarious emotional responsiveness. Child Development, 63, 583-602.

Eisenberg, N., & Fabes, R. A. (1994). Mothers’ reactions to children’s negative emotions: Relations to children’s temperament and anger behavior. Merrill–Palmer Quarterly, 40, 138–156.

Eisenberg, N., Cumberland, A., & Spinrad, T. L. (1998). Parental socialization of emotion. Psychological Inquiry, 9, 241-273.

Eisenberg, N., Fabes, R. A., Shepard, S. A., Guthrie, I. K., Murphy, B. C. & Reiser, M. (1999). Parental reactions to children’s negative emotions: Longitudinal relations to quality of children are social functioning. Child Development, 70, 513–534.

Fabes RA, Eisenberg N, Bernzweig J. Coping with Children’s Negative Emotions Scale (CCNES): Descriptions and scoring. Tempe: Arizona State University; 1990.

Fabes, R. A., Poulin, R. E., Eisenberg, N., & Madden-Derdich, D. A. (2002). The coping with children’s negative emotions scale (CCNES): Psychometric properties and relations with children’s emotional competence. Marriage & Family Review, 34, 285-310.

Garner, P. W., Jones. D. C., & Miner, J. (1994). Social competence among low-income preschoolers’ emotion socialization practices and social cognitive correlates. Child Development, 65, 622–637.

Goossens, L., & Luyckx, K. (in press). Belgium. In J. J. Arnett (Ed.)(2007), Routledge international encyclopedia of adolescence. New York: Routledge.

Gottman, J. M., Katz, L. F. & Hooven, C. (1996). Parental meta-emotion philosophy and the emotional life of families: theoretical models and preliminary data, Journal of Family Psychology, 10(3), 243–268.

Gross, J.J., & Levenson, R.W. (1997). Hiding feelings: The acute effects of inhibiting negative and positive emotion. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 106, 95-103

Grusec, J.E. and Goodnow, J.J. (1994) .‘Impact of parental discipline methods on the child’s internalisation of values: A reconceptualisation of current points of view’, Developmental Psychology, Vol. 30, pp. 4-19.

Halberstadt, A., Crisp, V., & Eaton, K. (1999). Family expressiveness: Aretrospective and new directions for research. In P. Philippot, R. Feldman, & E. Coats (Eds.), The Social Context of Nonverbal Behavior (pp. 109–155). New York: Cambridge University Press.

Harris, D. B. and Tseng , S. C., (1957). Children attitude towards peer and parents as reave;ed by sentence completions. Child development volume 28)(4), 401-411.

Kochanska, G. (1997). ‘Multiple pathways to conscience for children with different temperaments: from toddlerhood to age 5’, Developmental Psychology, Vol. 33, pp. 228–40.

Malka Margalit (2010). Loneliness in the Family: Lonely Children and Adolescents, pp 69-110.

McWhirter B.T., Besett-Alesch T.M., Horibata J., Gat I. (2002), Loneliness in high risk adolescents: The role of coping, self-esteem, and empathy. Journal of Youth Studies 5: 69-84.

Mohan, V., Sandeep, S., Deepa, R., Shah, B. and Varghese, C. (2007).Epidemiology of type 2 diabetes: Indian scenario. Indian J Med Res 2007, 125: 217–230.

Mohsin, S.M. (1979). Mohsin Parent Child Inventry. Rupa Psychological center, Varanasi.

Nurmi, J.E., Toivonen, S., Salmela‐Aro, K. and Eronen, S. (1997). Social Levels and Loneliness. Journal of Social Psychology, 137 (6), 764-777.

Ponzetti, J. J. (1990). Loneliness among college students. Family Relations, 39, 336‐340.

Roberts, W. & Strayer, J. (1987) Parents’ responses to the emotional distress of their children: relations with children’s competence, Developmental Psychology, 23(3), 415–422.

Rubin, K. H., & Mills, R. S. L. (1991). Conceptualizing developmental pathways to internalizing disorders in childhood. Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science, 23(3), 300-317.

Saarni C (1999). The development of emotional competence. New York: Guilford.

Shastri P.C. (2008) Future perspective of planning child guidance services in India. Indian J Psychiatry, 50:241-3. http://www.indianjpsychiatry.org/text.asp?2008/50/4/241/44744.

Smith, A.B., Gollop, M., Taylor, N.J. and Marshall, K. (2005). The Discipline and Guidance of Children: A Summary of Research. Dunedin and Wellington, NZ: Children’s Issues Centre and Office of the Children’s Commissioner.

Srinath S., Girimaji S.C., Gururaj G., Seshadri S., Subbakrishna D.K., Bhola P., (2005). Epidemiological study of child &and adolescent psychiatric disorders in urban and rural areas of Bangalore, India. Indian J Med Res; 122:67-79.

WHO (2005). Child Mental Health Atlas. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO. Available from:URL: http://www.who.int/mental_health/resources/Child_ado_atlas.pdf.

WHO (2005). Child Mental Health Atlas. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO. Available from:URL: http://www.who.int/mental_health/resources/Child_ado_atlas.pdf.

Weerman F.M, Harland P., and Van der Laan P.H. (2007).“Misbehavior at school and delinquency elsewhere: a complex relationship,” Criminal Justice Review, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 358–379.

Downloads

Published

22-08-2021

How to Cite

Dr. Sunil K Sharma, & Manoj Kumar. (2021). The Psychological Outcomes Of Parental Responses In Relations To Their Children’s Expressions Of Negative Effect. Research Ambition an International Multidisciplinary E-Journal, 1(III), 61–73. Retrieved from http://researchambition.com/RA/index.php/ra/article/view/43

Issue

Section

Articles